PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = STREAM LABEL_REVISION_NOTE = "2011-04-26 M3:McLaughlin Added references to M3 scientific results published or accepted by J. Geophys. Res in 2011; Shortened dATA_SET_NAME to 60 chars; Fixed typos. 2011-11-14 M3:McLaughlin Resolved liens from the May 2011 peer review. " OBJECT = DATA_SET DATA_SET_ID = "CH1-ORB-L-M3-4-L2-REFLECTANCE-V1.0" OBJECT = DATA_SET_INFORMATION DATA_SET_NAME = "CH1-ORB MOON M3 4 L2 REFLECTANCE NEAR-IR SPECTRAL IMGS V1.0" DATA_SET_COLLECTION_MEMBER_FLG = "N" DATA_OBJECT_TYPE = IMAGE START_TIME = 2008-11-18T22:26:04 STOP_TIME = 2009-08-16T05:25:55 DATA_SET_RELEASE_DATE = 2011-11-30 PRODUCER_FULL_NAME = "ERICK MALARET" DETAILED_CATALOG_FLAG = "N" ARCHIVE_STATUS = ARCHIVED CITATION_DESC = "Malaret, E., P. Guasqui, S. McLaughlin, J. Sunshine, S. Besse, R. Clark, and P. Isaacson, CH1-ORB MOON M3 4 L2 REFLECTANCE NEAR-IR SPECTRAL IMAGES V1.0, CH1-ORB-L-M3-4-L2-REFLECTANCE-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data System, 2011." DATA_SET_TERSE_DESC = "Reflectance-calibrated near-IR spectral image data acquired from Nov 2008 through Aug 2009 by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper the Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon." ABSTRACT_DESC = "This dataset contains pixel located, reflectance-calibrated, near-IR spectral image data acquired from November 2008 through August 2009 by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument during the Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon." DATA_SET_DESC = " Data Set Overview ================= This data set contains version 1.0 of the Level 2 Archive for the Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument (M3). It is a collection of reflectance-calibrated and pixel-located data products acquired during from November 2008 through May 2009 by M3 during the Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon. The data were collected while the instrument was operated in global or targeted mode. The documentation in the DOCUMENT directory provides detailed information about the data files and their format and content. A M3 Level 2 Data Product consists of pixel-located, resampled, calibrated data as reflectance (unitless) that make up one observation tagged by a unique file name. The data in one Level 2 product represent a consistent instrument configuration (frame rate, pixel binning). There is a single multiple-band reflectance image stored in one file (BINARY; *_RFL.IMG) with a detached PDS label (ASCII; suffix *_L2.LBL), and a detached header file (ASCII; suffix *_RFL.HDR). A Level 2 product also includes a supplemental file (BINARY; *_SUP.IMG) that contains three images to assist analysis: 1) The 1489-nm reflectance image photometrically corrected to a sphere (retaining topographic illumination), 2) A map of the derived temperatures used for thermal correction, and 3) The longest wavelength band (number 84 for global or 253 for target) of the Level 1B radiance image (*RDN.IMG) that is scientifically useful; this band contains both reflected solar and thermal emitted components and is highly sensitive to local topography. For scientific results from M3 see Pieters, et al. (2009b) [PIETERSETAL2009B], Pieters, et al. (2009c) [PIETERSETAL2009C], Besse, et al. (2011) [BESSEETAL2011], Besse, et al. (2012) [BESSEETAL2012], Boardman, et al. (2011) [BOARDMANETAL2011], Buratti, et al. (2011) [BURATTIETAL2011], Cheek, et al. (2011) [CHEEKETAL2011], Clark, et al. (2011) [CLARKETAL2011], Clark, et al. (2012) [CLARKETAL2012], Hicks, et al. (2011) [HICKSETAL2011], Green, et al. (2011) [GREENETAL2011], Isaacson, et al. (2011) [ISAACSONETAL2011], Klima, et al. (2011) [KLIMAETAL2011], Kramer, et al. (2011a) [KRAMERETAL2011A], Kramer, et al. (2011b) [KRAMERETAL2011B] McCord, et al. (2011) [MCCORDETAL2011], Mustard, et al. (2011) [MUSTARDETAL2011], Nettles, et al. (2011) [NETTLESETAL2011], Pieters, et al. (2011) [PIETERSETAL2011], Staid, et al. (2011) [STAIDETAL2011], Thaisen, et al. (2011) [THAISENETAL2011], and Whitten, et al. (2011) [WHITTENETAL2011]. Processing ========== M3 Level 2 processing involves converting the at-sensor radiance data from Level 1 to 'reflectance' at an incidence angle (i) of 30 degrees and an emission angle (e) of 0 degrees. Here we define 'reflectance' as radiance factor (RADF; Hapke, (1993), p. 262, Eq. 10.5 [HAPKE1993]) consistent with Level 2 data from SELENE Spectral Profiler (Yokota, et al. (2011) [YOKOTAETAL2011]). The process includes a limb-darkening based photometric function to correct all M3 data to the reference i=30 degrees, e=0 degrees geometry using normalization factors derived from highland units. M3 reflectances are thus 'normalized' as if they were all measured at i=30 degrees, e=0 degrees. Level 2 processing consists the following sequential operations: 1) Solar Irradiance Correction, 2) Statistical Polishing, 3) Thermal Removal, 4) Photometric Correction, 5) Ground Truth Correction** (optional), and 6) Flag degraded channels. ** The Ground Truth Correction step was intentially turned off in the Level 2 pipeline and thus the data in this archive have NOT been corrected to ground truth. For a detailed description of each operation, including how to independently apply the Ground Truth Correction, please see the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification, DPSIS.PDF, located in the DOCUMENT directory. Please note that version 3.0 of the Level 1B radiance data products archived in the PDS data set CH1-ORB-L-M3-4-L1B-RADIANCE-V3.0 were used as input to this Level 2 process. Calibration files used by the Level 2 process are located in the CALIB directory. It includes tables of multiplicative factors for the ground truth correction for researchers to apply to the Level 2 data as needed. See the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification, DPSIS.PDF, located in the DOCUMENT directory. References used to develop the Level 2 process include Anderson, et al. (2000) [ANDERSONETAL2000], Hapke, (1993) [HAPKE1993], Kurucz, et al. (1995) [KURUCZ1995], Nobel, et al. (2006) [NOBLEETAL2006], and Yokota, et al. (2011) [YOKOTAETAL2011]. Data ==== The DATA directory contains a separate subdirectory based on the start and end times of a 13-week imaging period. Each imaging period subdirectory is further divided into subdirectories for each month of an Optical Period (OP). Each OP month subdirectory is further divided based on the type of data product (e.g., Level 2 for this archive). For a detailed description of reflectance products located in the DATA directory, please see the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification, DPSIS.PDF, located in the DOCUMENT directory. Coordinate System ================= The coordinate system used is the new 'Standardized Lunar Coordinate System for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter' (LRO Working Group, 2007). This new lunar coordinate system is being adopted as an international standard and will greatly facilitate the direct integration of data from multiple missions and among international partners. The coordinate system is based on planetocentric coordinates in the Mean Earth/Polar Axis (ME) reference frame. The z-axis is the mean axis of rotation with the positive direction pointing north. The x-axis is the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian, as defined by the mean Earth direction. The y-axis completes the frame in a right-handed sense and points in the direction of +90 degrees longitude. Latitude ranges from +90 to -90 form the North Pole to the South Pole. Longitude will be reported as 0 to 360 degrees increasing to the East. For a detailed description, see the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification, DPSIS.PDF, located in the DOCUMENT directory. Software ======== The M3 team uses the commercial software packages ENVI and IDL to display and analyze M3 data products. ENVI and IDL are distributed by ITT Visual Information Solutions and are available at http://www.ittvis.com/. M3 data products can also be read by the commercial package ACT-REACT which from Applied Coherent Technology Corporation at http://www.actgate.com/home/act-react.htm. In addition, the free PDS NASAView software package can also be used for basic image displaying of M3 L2 data products. It is available at: http://pds.nasa.gov/tools/nasa-view.shtml. Nevertheless, the data are not in a proprietary format and are arranged as simply and as openly as possible. The provision of both PDS labels and ENVI headers guarantee the data will be readily accessible to the widest possible audience. Media/Format ============ The M3 archive will be made available online via Web and FTP servers. This will be the primary means of distribution. The M3 Level 2 archive is organized as one data set and stored electronically as a single volume for online access via the World Wide Web and FTP. " CONFIDENCE_LEVEL_NOTE = " Confidence Level Overview ========================= The data files in this data set were reviewed internally by the M3 project. Review ====== Prior to the creation of this archival data set, a sample that included several data products, PDS labels, catalog and indexfiles, and documentation such as the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification passed a peer review held by PDS Imaging Node in May 2011. Liens placed by the peer reviewers have been resolved in this archival data set. Data Coverage and Quality ========================= The M3 image acquisition time is divided into peak periods or Optical Periods (OP) when lighting is optimal for observation. The Optical Periods occur twice a year and are understood to have two central months of optimal illumination (solar beta angles -30 deg to +30 deg) with two optional two-week wing periods (solar beta angles +/-30 deg to +/-45 deg) on either side of the optimal 2 months (thus, one Optical Period equals 13 weeks). Each 13 week optical period is followed by a 13-week hiatus. The original instrument operations plan included the acquisition of the entire surface of the Moon in low-resolution Global Mode during the first Optical Period (OP1) while OP2, OP3, OP4 were reserved for high resolution Target Mode data acquisition. However, the mission was cut short, just before the halfway point, in August, 2009 when the spacecraft ceased operations. Despite the abbreviated mission and numerous technical and scientific challenges during the flight, M3 was able to cover more than 95% of the Moon in Global Mode. Only minimal high-resolution Target Mode images were acquired, as these were to be the focus of the second half of the mission. The technical challenges encountered during the mission have complicated the data processing and calibration. These challenges include thermal issues, loss of the spacecraft star trackers and a raising of the orbit from 100 km to 200 km on May 19, 2009. Details of these challenges are discussed in the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification, DPSIS.PDF, located in the DOCUMENT directory. Nonetheless, the data products in this data set contain optimal calibration and characterization. M3 operations were sustained for two Optical Periods which are described in the M3 Data Product Software Interface Specification in the DOCUMENT directory. For more detailed information regarding the spacecraft operation schedule, please see the MISSION.CAT. Limitations =========== None." END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_TARGET TARGET_NAME = "MOON" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_TARGET OBJECT = DATA_SET_HOST INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = "CH1-ORB" INSTRUMENT_ID = M3 END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_HOST OBJECT = DATA_SET_MISSION MISSION_NAME = "CHANDRAYAAN-1" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_MISSION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "ANDERSONETAL2000" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "BESSEETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "BESSEETAL2012" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "BOARDMANETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "BURATTIETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "CHEEKETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "CLARKETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "CLARKETAL2012" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "GREENETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "HAPKE1993" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "HICKSETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "ISAACSONETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "KLIMAETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "KRAMERETAL2011A" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "KRAMERETAL2011B" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "KURUCZ1995" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "MCCORDETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "MUSTARDETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "NETTLESETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "NOBLEETAL2006" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "PIETERSETAL2009B" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "PIETERSETAL2009C" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "PIETERSETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "STAIDETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "THAISENETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "WHITTENETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "YOKOTAETAL2011" END_OBJECT = DATA_SET_REFERENCE_INFORMATION END_OBJECT = DATA_SET END