PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 LABEL_REVISION_NOTE = " 2007-01-10 ESAC:Vazquez, Semenov and Heather catalog for SPICE.; 2020-07-10 ESAC:Escalante minor updates, added DSK " RECORD_TYPE = STREAM OBJECT = INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = "MEX" INSTRUMENT_ID = SPICE OBJECT = INSTRUMENT_INFORMATION INSTRUMENT_NAME = "SPICE KERNELS" INSTRUMENT_TYPE = "N/A" INSTRUMENT_DESC = " 1. SPICE Overview ============== NOTE TO THE USER - there is no instrument directly associated with SPICE data. However, this template ensures that referential integrity is maintained in the PDS Catalog. The information contained in this catalog aims to give a brief introduction to the basic concepts related to SPICE and its production. For a more detailed description of the Mars Express SPICE data set implementation, please refer to the SPICEDS.CAT in this archive. SPICE deals with ancillary data in order to support the planning for, and analysis of, science instrument data. Ancillary data is made up of spacecraft and planetary ephemerides, spacecraft orientation, instrument mounting alignments and field of view geometry, reference frame specifications and data needed for conversion between various time systems. They help scientists and engineers to determine: * when and how an instrument was acquiring data. * where the spacecraft was located. * how the spacecraft and instruments were oriented (pointed). * what was the location, size, shape and orientation of the target being observed. * what events were occurring on the spacecraft or ground that might affect interpretation of: - science observations. - spacecraft systems performance. The principal SPICE system components are two: * Data files, often called 'kernels' or 'kernel files'. They are composed of ancillary information which has been created in such a way as to allow easy access and correct usage by the space science and engineering communities. * Software, known as the SPICE Toolkit. - The principal component is an extensive subroutine library. - Also included are some: > broadly useful application programs. > utility programs. > examples of how to use SPICE Toolkit subroutines. Also part of SPICE are: * standards * documentation * customer support * system maintenance and continuing development. SPICE is used on a number of space missions, such as ESA's Mars Express, SMART-1, Venus Express, ExoMars2016, BepiColombo, Solar Orbiter and Rosetta missions, and all of NASA's solar system exploration missions. The SPICE system has been produced and is maintained by Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contract to the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2. SPICE Objectives ================ SPICE has the following objectives: * to aid scientists in planning and interpreting scientific observations made by instruments flown on spacecraft; * to assist with the correlation of individual data sets with those from other instruments on the same, or different, spacecraft. 3. SPICE kernels ============= The logical contents of the SPICE system are outlined below: S - Spacecraft ephemeris, given as a function of time. P - Planet, satellite, comet, or asteroid ephemerides. I.e. the location and velocity of any target body as a function of time. Also the associated physical and cartographic constants. I - Instrument description, containing descriptive data that describes a particular scientific instrument, such as field-of-view size, shape and orientation parameters. C - Pointing information, containing a transformation, traditionally called the C-matrix, which provides time-tagged pointing (orientation) angles for a spacecraft structure upon which science instruments are mounted. May also include angular rate data. E - Events, summarizing mission activities - both planned and unanticipated. Events data are contained in the SPICE EK file set, which consists of three components: Science Plans, Sequences, and Notes. It should be noted that the EK system is not used on Mars Express, and therefore no data are available. Additional SPICE data products are: * The 'Frame definitions Kernel' (FK file) contains reference frame specifications that are typically used by flight projects. This file also includes mounting alignment information for instruments, antennas and other structures of interest. * Spacecraft clock (SCLK) and leapseconds (LSK) files are used in converting time tags between various time measurement systems. * Digital Shape Kernel (DSK) files are used for storing digital shape data for structures and natural bodies. Below is an outline of the SPICE logical components (left) and how they relate to the SPICE physical kernel files (right). ____________ | | _____ | S | | | Space vehicle or | | -------> | SPK | target body | spacecraft | / |_____| trajectory |____________| / (ephemeris). / ____________ / | | / _____ | P | / | | Target body size, | | -------> | PcK | shape and | planet | |_____| orientation. |____________| ____________ | | _____ | I | | | Instrument field- | | -------> | IK | of-view size, shape | instrument | |_____| and orientation. |____________| ____________ | | _____ | C | | | Orientation of space | camera | -------> | CK | vehicle or any | matrix | |_____| articulating |____________| structure on it. ____________ | | _____ Events information for | E (*) | | | - science plan(ESP) | | -------> | EK | - sequence of events | events | |_____| (ESQ) |____________| - experimenters' notebook (ENB). ________ ______ | | --> |__FK__| Reference | | ______ Frame specs. | Others | --> |_LSK__| Leapsecond | | ______ tabulation. | | --> |_SCLK_| Spacecraft clock | | ______ coefficient. |________| |_DSK__| Digital Shape model. ____________ | | | S | Fortran, C, IDL, Matlab, | | -------> SPICE JNI libraries, plus a | software | Toolkit few utilities and |____________| example programs. 4. SPICE Toolkit and documentation =============================== The SPICE system includes a large collection of software known as the SPICE Toolkit. The principal component of this toolkit is a library of portable subroutines, needed to read the kernel files and to then calculate observation geometry parameters of interest. Users integrate these SPICE 'Toolkit' subroutines into their own application programs to compute observation geometry parameters and related information, as needed. The SPICE Toolkit, originally implemented in ANSI FORTRAN 77, is also available in the C language and as a set of Interactive Data Language (IDL), Matlab and Java Native Interface (JPL) interfaces. Also a comprehensive set of documents on SPICE is available, made up of: * user manuals for the utility programs. * tutorials. * required readings on the several parts of SPICE as well as on different mathematical concepts used by SPICE. The SPICE toolkit and documentation can be found on: https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/ The SPICE Toolkit is freely offered to the worldwide space science and space mission engineering communities at the time this data set was released. The few rules governing its use are posted on the ''Rules'' page of the NAIF website: https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/rules.html " END_OBJECT = INSTRUMENT_INFORMATION OBJECT = INSTRUMENT_REFERENCE_INFO REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "N/A" END_OBJECT = INSTRUMENT_REFERENCE_INFO END_OBJECT = INSTRUMENT END