urn:nasa:pds:context:target:planetary_system.saturn_system 1.2 1.22.0.0 Product_Context 2026-07-07 1.2 Removed duplicate Internal_Reference entries from Reference_List. 2026-02-02 1.1 Fix invalid XML. 2025-02-06 1.0 Saturn and its satellites. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:planet.saturn member_of The central body of the system. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.mimas member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.enceladus member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.tethys member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.dione member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.rhea member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.titan member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.hyperion member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.iapetus member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.phoebe member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.janus member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.epimetheus member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.helene member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.telesto member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.calypso member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.atlas member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.prometheus member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.pandora member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.pan member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.ymir member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.paaliaq member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.tarvos member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.ijiraq member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.suttungr member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.kiviuq member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.mundilfari member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.albiorix member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.skathi member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.erriapus member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.siarnaq member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.thrymr member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.narvi member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.methone member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.pallene member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.polydeuces member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.daphnis member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.aegir member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.bebhionn member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.bergelmir member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.bestla member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.farbauti member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.fenrir member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.fornjot member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.hati member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.hyrrokkin member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.kari member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.loge member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.skoll member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.surtur member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.anthe member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.jarnsaxa member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.greip member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.tarqeq member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.aegaeon member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.gridr member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.angrboda member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.skrymir member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.gerd member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.eggther member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.beli member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.gunnlod member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.thiazzi member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.alvaldi member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:satellite.saturn.geirrod member_of Saturn satellite. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.rings member_of Any or all of Saturn's rings. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.d_ring member_of D Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.c_ring member_of C Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.colombogap member_of Colombo Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.titanringlet member_of Titan's Ringlet. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.maxwellgap member_of Maxwell Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.maxwellringlet member_of Maxwell Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.bondgap member_of Bond Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.bondringlet member_of Bond Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.dawsgap member_of Daw's Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.dawesringlet member_of Daw's Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.b_ring member_of B Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.region_b1 member_of Region B1 of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.region_b2 member_of Region B2 of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.region_b3 member_of Region B3 of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.region_b4 member_of Region B4 of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.region_b5 member_of Region B5 of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.cassinidivision member_of Cassini Division of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.huygensgap member_of Huygens Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.huygensringlet member_of Huygens Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.strangeringlet member_of Strange Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.herschelgap member_of Herschel Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.herschelringlet member_of Herschel Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.russellgap member_of Russell Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.jeffreysgap member_of Jeffrey's Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.kuipergap member_of Kuiper Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.laplacegap member_of Laplace Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.laplaceringlet member_of Laplace Ringlet of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.besselgap member_of Bessel Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.barnardgap member_of Barnard Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.a_ring member_of A ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.enckegap member_of Encke Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.keelergap member_of Keeler Gap of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.rochedivision member_of Roche Division of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.f_ring member_of F Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.janusring member_of Janus/Epimetheus Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.g_ring member_of G ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.e_ring member_of E Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.methonering member_of Methone Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.anthering member_of Anthe Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.pallenering member_of Pallene Ring of Saturn. urn:nasa:pds:context:target:ring.saturn.phoebering member_of Phoebe Ring of Saturn. Saturn System Planetary System The sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest with an equatorial diameter of 120,536 km orbiting at an average distance of 1,429,400,000 km (9.54 astronomical units) from Sun. With an eccentricity of 0.05555, its distance from the Sun ranges from 1.35 billion km (9.024 AU) at its perihelion to 1.509 billion km (10.086 AU) at its aphelion. Its average orbital speed being 9.69 km/s, it takes Saturn 29.457 Earth years (or 10,759 Earth days) to complete a single revolution around the Sun. However, Saturn also takes just over 10 and a half hours (10 hours 33 minutes) to rotate once on its axis. This means that a single year on Saturn lasts about 24,491 Saturnian solar days. Saturn has a mass of 5.6836 x 1026 kg (95.159 Earth masses) and a mean density of 0.687 g cm^(-3). Like Jupiter, Saturn is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with traces of water, methane, and ammonia, similar to the composition of the primordial Solar Nebula from which the solar system was formed. The temperature on Saturn is ~ -185 °C. Like Jupiter, Saturn has a solid core of iron-nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds). The core has an estimated mass of 9-22 Earth Masses and a diameter of about 25,000 km (about 2 Earth diameter). The core is enveloped by a liquid metallic hydrogen layer and a molecular hydrogen layer. Saturn's interior is hot (12,000 K at the core). The planet radiates more energy into space than it receives from the Sun. Most of the extra energy is generated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz mechanism as in Jupiter. Saturn has 62 known satellites. Saturn's ring. On 1 July 2004 NASA/ESA's Cassini-Huygens became the first to orbit Saturn, beginning a 13 year mission that revealed many secrets and surprises about Saturn and its system of rings and moons. - An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics, by M. Heydari-Malayeri