urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument:rss.mr9 1.0 1.17.0.0 Product_Context 2022-06-01 1.0 Initial version urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.mr9 instrument_to_instrument_host Kliore, A.J. Radio occultation observations of the ionospheres of Mars and Venus, in: Luhmann, J.G., Tatrallyay, M., Pepin, R.O. (Eds.), Venus and Mars: Atmospheres, Ionospheres, and Solar Wind Interactions. American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series, Washington, D.C., pp. 265-276, 1992, doi:10.1029/GM066p0265. Kliore, A. J., D. L. Cain, G. Fjeldbo, B. L. Seidel, and S. I. Rasool, Mariner 9 S-band Martian occultation experiment: Initial results on the topography and atmosphere of Mars, Science, 175, 313, 1972. Kliore, A. J., D. L. Cain, G. Fjeldbo, B. L. Seidel, M. J. Sykes, and S. I. Rasool (1972), The atmosphere of Mars from Mariner 9 radio occultation measurements, Icarus, 17, 484-516, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(72)90014-0. Kliore, A. J., G. Fjeldbo, B. L. Seidel, M. J. Sykes, and P. M. Woiceshyn (1973), S band radio occultation measurements of the atmosphere and topography of Mars with Mariner 9: Extended Mission coverage of polar and intermediate latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4331-4351, doi:10.1029/JB078i020p04331. Zhang, M. H. G., J. G. Luhmann, and A. J. Kliore (1990), An observational study of the nightside ionospheres of Mars and Venus with radio occultation methods, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17,095-17,102, doi:10.1029/JA095iA10p17095. D.E. Smith, M.T. Zuber, H.V. Frey, (and 21 others), Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 23689-23722 (2001). doi:10.1029/2000JE001364 Asmar, S.W., and R.G. Herrera, Radio Science Handbook, JPL D-7938, Volume 4, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 22 January 1993. reference.ASMAR-HERRERA1993 Asmar, S. W., N. A. Renzetti, The Deep Space Network as an instrument for radio science research, NASA Technical Reports Server, 1993STIN...9521456A, 1993. reference.ASMAR-RENZETTI1993 Asmar, S.W., R.G. Herrera, and T. Priest, Radio Science Handbook, JPL D-7938, Volume 6, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1995. reference.ASMARETAL1995 Deep Space Network / Flight Project Interface Design Book, Document 810-5, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. reference.DSN810-5 DSN Geometry and Spacecraft Visibility, Document 810-5, Rev. D, Vol. 1, DSN/Flight Project Interface Design, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1987. reference.GEO-10REVD Radio Science Subsystem Radio Science not applicable not applicable Instrument Overview =================== The Mariner 9 (MR9) Radio Science investigations utilized instrumentation with elements on the spacecraft and at the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). Much of this was shared equipment, being used for routine telecommunications as well as for Radio Science. The performance and calibration of both the spacecraft and tracking stations directly affected the radio science data accuracy, and they played a major role in determining the quality of the results. The spacecraft part of the radio science instrument is described immediately below; that is followed by a description of the DSN (ground) part of the instrument. Instrument Specifications - Spacecraft ====================================== The Mariner 9 spacecraft telecommunications subsystem served as part of a radio science subsystem for investigations of Mars. Many details of the subsystem are unknown; its 'launch date' is known to be 1971-05-30. Instrument Id : RSS Instrument Host Id : MR9 Pi Pds User Id : UNK Instrument Name : RADIO SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM Instrument Type : RADIO SCIENCE Build Date : UNK Instrument Mass : UNK Instrument Length : UNK Instrument Width : UNK Instrument Height : UNK Instrument Manufacturer Name : UNK Instrument Overview - Spacecraft ================================ The Doppler shift of the S-band telemetry signal during occultation of the spacecraft by Mars provided the vertical distribution of the index of refraction of the Martian atmosphere. These data yield the vertical distribution of neutral and ionized species.