urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument:krfm.phb2 1.0 1.7.0.0 Product_Context 2016-10-01 1.0 extracted metadata from PDS3 catalog and modified to comply with PDS4 Information Model urn:nasa:pds:context:instrument_host:spacecraft.phb2::1.0 instrument_to_instrument_host Ksanfomaliti, L. V., Moroz, V. I., Bibring, J. P., Soufflot, A.,Combined radiometer-photometer (KRFM) and infrared spectrometer (ISM) for investigating Mars and Phobos, Instrumentation and methods for space exploration (A91-23962 08-19). Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1989, p. 161-170. (In Russian) reference.KSANFOMALITETAL1989 KRFM-COMBINED RADIOMETER SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR MARS Radiometer Photometer not applicable not applicable Instrument Overview =================== The KRFM instrument includes optics of the radiometer and spectrophotometer detectors, electronics, a power supply unit, a system for instrument control and protection. The radiometer records thermal radiation of the surface in 6 subranges from 5 to 50 micron. It serves to study the thermal physical properties (a thermal inertia parameter, and with its help - the regolith fracturing characteristics, rock outcrop on the surface, as well as heat capacity, heat conduction, regolith density dynamics of the surface temperature condition. The spectrophotometer has a range of 300- 700nm subdivided into 9 intervals. The instrument is used to acquire the data on the regolith reflection properties in the near ultraviolet and visible ranges. The radiometer includes a two-mirror objective (Cassegrain system, its diameter is 115 mm, the focal length 230mm), a rotating mirror and a pyroelectric detector system. The rotating mirror can be set in one of the three positions with the step-by-step motor. It directs the radiation to the objective alternately from the outer space, from the black body model with the estimated temperature, and from the object studied. The pyrodevice system incorporates a beam split hexahedral pyramid, a beam modulator, an optoelectronic synch pulse detector and 6 pyrodevices with the interference light filters. The spectrophotometer has an objective (its diameter is 14 mm, the focal length 37.5mm), a diaphragm to provide the given field of view, a collimater, a dispersing prism, a second objective, a multicomponent photodetector, a light beam modulator, an optoelectronic synch pulse detector and a calibration device. PDS1 Instrument Parameters ========================== PI_PDS_USER_ID = L.KSANFOMALITY NAIF_DATA_SET_ID = SLAXOR BUILD_DATE = 1988 INSTRUMENT_MASS = 12.2<KG> INSTRUMENT_HEIGHT = 0.42<M> INSTRUMENT_LENGTH = 0.38<M> INSTRUMENT_WIDTH = 0.36<M> INSTRUMENT_MANUFACTURER_NAME = GOSSTANDARD USSR INSTRUMENT_SERIAL_NUMBER = 05 Scientific Objectives Summmary ============================== The scientific objectives of this experiment were as follows: in the spectral range 6 - 50 mm - the study of thermal physical properties and surface structure of Phobos and Mars - a physical mapping of the surface geomorphological features (rocks , fractured soil, dust) - search for sites of endogenous heat release and permafrost regions on the mars surface - diurnal and seasonal thermal dynamics of mars surface and diurnal dynamics of Phobos - bolometric albedo of Phobos and Mars in the spectral range 320 - 600 nm - the photometric measurements in the near ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges (albedo measurements) - mineralogical composition of the Phobos and Mars surfaces derived from their reflection spectra - study of the aerosol phenomena characteristics in the Martian atmosphere. Instrument Calibration Description ================================== The radiometer diagonal mirror is turned during 20 s with a 6 min period toward the black body model, whose temperature is controlled. Then the mirror is turned during the same time toward the 'Cosmos' tube. To increase an accuracy of measurements radiation cooling of the black body model is envisaged. The temperature in the modulator and light detector chamber is also transmitted via the TV channel, the total number of thermal detectors is 4. The photometer uses the calibration device-light-emitting diode which operated during calibration and sends light pulses to the light detectors at frequency of 40 Hz. The time of the calibration is identical with that of the radiometer. In the ground-based processing of the experiment results some problems were revealed. The protocols of the ground-based calibration poorly agreed with the acquired data, though the results of measurements were stable. An extra check showed that in the ground-based calibrations there can be systematic errors. For this reason a decision was made to use the earlier obtained of ground-based and airborne data for the Mars regions studied in order to refine the photometerreal sensitivity. Operational Considerations ========================== The reflected solar and intrinsic thermal radiation of the celestial body is recorded and transformed to electrical signals proportional to the flux. After the synch detectors generate the respective signals they are sent to the switches, edited with a microprocessor program, and sent to the unit for data exchange between the spacecraft and menury (Data scope is 8 Mbit per 1 measurement session). PDS1 Instrument Detector Parameters =================================== DETECTOR_ID = RADIOMETER CH 1 DETECTOR_TYPE = PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 4.8<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 6.4<MM> NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = The threshold sensitivity is 240 K. DETECTOR_ID = RADIOMETER CH 2 DETECTOR_TYPE = PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 6.1<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 7.8<MM> NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = The threshold sensitivity is 225 K. DETECTOR_ID = RADIOMETER CH 3 DETECTOR_TYPE = PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 7.2<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 9.3<MM> NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = The threshold sensitivity is 215 K. DETECTOR_ID = RADIOMETER CH 4 DETECTOR_TYPE = PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 9.2<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 13.6<MM> NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = The threshold sensitivity is 110 K. DETECTOR_ID = RADIOMETER CH 5 DETECTOR_TYPE = PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 14.3<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 15.9<MM> NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = The threshold sensitivity is 120 K. DETECTOR_ID = RADIOMETER CH 6 DETECTOR_TYPE = PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 16.5<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 49.0<MM> NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = The threshold sensitivity is 80 K. DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 1 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.315<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 2 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.328<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 3 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.346<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 4 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.363<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 5 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.410<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 6 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.445<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 7 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.488<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 8 DETECTOR_TIPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.550<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 DETECTOR_ID = PHOTOMETER CH 9 DETECTOR_TYPE = PHOTODIODE DETECTOR_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0 MINIMUM_WAVELENGTH = 0.600<MM> MAXIMUM_WAVELENGTH = N/A NOMINAL_OPERATING_TEMPERATURE = 293<K> SENSITIVITY_DESC = Threshold sensitivity 10E-14 W/Hz**0.5 Instrument Electronics ====================== The electronics unit consist of 9 photometer channels and 6 radiometer channels, system of control for the photometer, modulator and radiometer mirror turning, units of analog-to digital converter commands,power supply, protection and temperature measurements PDS1 Instrument Optics Parameters ================================= TELESCOPE_ID = RADIOMETER TELESCOPE TELESCOPE_FOCAL_LENGTH = 0.23<M> TELESCOPE_DIAMETER = 0.115<M> TELESCOPE_F_NUMBER = 1:2 TELESCOPE_RESOLUTION = 8.7e-03<RAD> TELESCOPE_TRANSMITTANCE = 0.32 TELESCOPE_ID = PHOTOMETER TELESCOPE TELESCOPE_FOCAL_LENGTH = 0.0375<M> TELESCOPE_DIAMETER = 0.014<M> TELESCOPE_F_NUMBER = 1:2.7 TELESCOPE_RESOLUTION = 4.4e-03<RAD> TELESCOPE_TRANSMITTANCE = 0.78 Instrument Mounting Description =============================== The instrument is a monoblock unit, includes optics and radiometer detectors at the top, and a pressurized bay at the bottom. Options are mounted on the rigid base. The pressurized bay includes a photometer, electronics, a command receiver, a power supply and protection unit . The KRFM optical optical axes are oriented along the x-axis. PDS1 Instrument Section Parameters ================================== SECTION_ID = RADIOMETER DATA_RATE = 8192<B/S> SAMPLE_BITS = 12 TOTAL_FOVS = 0.5<DEGREE> INSTRUMENT_PARAMETER_NAME = LIGHT FLUX INSTRUMENT_PARAMETER_UNIT = WATT/(METER*METER)/STERADIAN SECTION_ID = PHOTOMETER DATA_RATE = 8192<B/S> SAMPLE_BITS = 12 TOTAL_FOVS = 0.25<DEGREE> INSTRUMENT_PARAMETER_NAME = HEAT FLUX INSTRUMENT_PARAMETER_UNIT = WATT/(METER*METER)/STERADIAN Instrument Mode Description =========================== The heat and light flux measurements with an interrogation rate of 1 s (normal) or 30 s (was not normally used).