urn:nasa:pds:context:target:astrophysical.general_relativity 1.0 1.13.0.0 Product_Context 2021-04-06 1.0 Original Bertotti, B., Iess, L., and Tortora, P. (2003), A Test of General Relativity using Radio Links with the Cassini Spacecraft, Nature, 425, 374–376. Measurement of the effects of solar mass on propagation of X- and Ka-band Cassini radio signals along paths close to the Sun. The results are consistent with predictions of standard general relativity to a precision nearly two orders of magnitude better than previous measurements. Merkowitz, S.M. Tests of Gravity Using Lunar Laser Ranging. Living Reviews in Relativity 13, 7 (2010). https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2010-7 A review of the gravitational science and technology of lunar laser ranging and discussion of prospects for the future. The three retroreflector arrays put on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts and the French built arrays on the Soviet Lunokhod rovers have provided the most stringent tests of the Strong Equivalence Principle and the time variation of Newton’s gravitational constant. Tests of General Relativity Astrophysical Tests of general relativity, which may include deflection and phase retardation of electromagnetic waves passing massive objects (such as the Sun) and tests of the Strong Equivalence Principle and time variation of Newton's gravitational constant from lunar laser ranging.