Cruise Objectives.
            -----------------
            
            While en route to Saturn, Cassini performed three sets of Gravitational
            Wave Experiments (GWEs), each scheduled near opposition and each lasting
            approximately 40 days.  During these observations, Cassini acted as a point
            mass which would be perturbed by propagating gravitational waves resulting
            from sudden destruction (or creation) of large masses in the general
            direction of the spacecraft-to-Earth line.
            
            While en route to Saturn, Cassini was also used in two Solar Conjunction
            Experiments (SCEs), each lasting approximately 30 days.  The objectives of
            these observations were to test general relativity and to improve our
            understanding of the solar corona.
            
            The general scientific objectives of the Cassini mission at Saturn were to
            investigate the physical, chemical, and temporal characteristics of Titan
            and of Saturn, its atmosphere, rings, icy satellites, and magnetosphere.
            These are listed more specifically below:
            
            Saturn (Planet) Objectives.
            --------------------------
            
            a) Determine temperature field, cloud properties, and composition of the
            atmosphere of Saturn.
            
            b) Measure the global wind field, including wave and eddy components;
            observe synoptic cloud features and processes.
            
            c) Infer the internal structure and rotation of the deep atmosphere.
            
            d) Study the diurnal variations and magnetic control of the ionosphere of
            Saturn.
            
            e) Provide observational constraints (gas composition, isotope ratios, and
            heat flux, etc.) on scenarios for the formation and the evolution of Saturn.
            
            f) Investigate the sources and the morphology of Saturn lightning, Saturn
            Electrostatic Discharges (SED), and whistlers.
            
            Titan Objectives.
            ----------------
            
            a) Determine abundance of atmospheric constituents (including any noble
            gases), establish isotope ratios for abundant elements, constrain scenarios
            of formation and evolution of Titan and its atmosphere.
            
            b) Observe vertical and horizontal distributions of trace gases, search for
            more complex organic molecules, investigate energy sources for atmospheric
            chemistry, and model the photochemistry of the stratosphere, study
            formation and composition of aerosols.
            
            c) Measure winds and global temperatures; investigate cloud physics,
            general circulation, and seasonal effects in Titan's atmosphere; search for
            lightning discharges.
            
            d) Determine the physical state, topography, and composition of the
            surface; infer the internal structure of the satellite.
            
            e) Investigate the upper atmosphere, its ionization, and its role as a
            source of neutral and ionized material for magnetosphere of Saturn.
            
            Ring Objectives.
            ---------------
            
            a) Study configuration of the rings and dynamical processes (gravitational,
            viscous, erosional, and electromagnetic) responsible for ring structure.
            
            b) Map composition and size distribution of ring material.
            
            c) Investigate interrelation of rings and satellites, including embedded
            satellites.
            
            d) Determine dust and meteoroid distribution in the vicinity of the rings.
            
            e) Study interactions between the rings and Saturn's magnetosphere,
            ionosphere, and atmosphere.
            
            Icy Satellite Objectives.
            ------------------------
            
            a) Determine the general characteristics and geological histories of the
            satellites.
            
            b) Define the mechanisms of crustal and surface modifications, both
            external and internal.
            
            c) Investigate the compositions and distributions of surface materials,
            particularly dark, organic rich materials and low melting point condensed
            volatiles.
            
            d) Constrain models of the satellites' bulk compositions and internal
            structures.
            
            e) Investigate interactions with the magnetosphere and ring systems and
            possible gas injections into the magnetosphere.
            
            Magnetosphere Objectives
            ------------------------
            
            a) Determine the configuration of the nearly axially symmetric magnetic
            field and its relation to the modulation of Saturn Kilometric Radiation
            (SKR).
            
            b) Determine current systems, composition, sources, and sinks of
            magnetosphere charged particles.
            
            c) Investigate wave-particle interactions and dynamics of the dayside
            magnetosphere and the magnetotail of Saturn and their interactions with the
            solar wind, the satellites, and the rings.
            
            d) Study the effect of Titan's interaction with the solar wind and
            magnetospheric plasma.
            
            e) Investigate interactions of Titan's atmosphere and exosphere with the
            surrounding plasma.