| DATA_SET_DESCRIPTION |
Data Set Overview
=================
OVERVIEW
The data set lists orbital and physical properties for well-observed or
suspected binary/multiple minor planets including the Pluto system, as
inspired by Richardson and Walsh (2006) and similar reviews (Merline
et al., 2003; Noll, 2006; Pravec et al., 2006; Pravec and Harris,
2007; Descamps and Marchis, 2008; Noll et al., 2008; Walsh, 2009). In
total 202 companions in 191 systems are included. Data are presented
in two tables, one for orbital and physical properties and one for
companion designations, discovery information, and reference codes for
data values. Data are ordered by permanent number, then provisional
designation. This data set is complete for binary/multiple components
reported through 31 March 2011.
ORBITAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TABLE
The first table (binarytable4) lists orbital and physical properties of
binary/multiple minor planets, with the following data:
* minor planet number, name, and provisional designation;
* minor planet dynamical type;
* minor planet heliocentric semimajor axis (AU), eccentricity, and
inclination;
* primary diameter (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* primary spin period (h) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion orbit semimajor axis (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion diameter (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion orbital period (d) with uncertainty and note code;
* primary geometric albedo with uncertainty and note code;
* system mass (kg) with uncertainty and note code;
* and system density (g/cm^3) with uncertainty and note code.
Dynamical type codes are as follows:
AMO = Amor,
APO = Apollo,
ATE = Aten,
MC = Mars crosser,
MB = Main Belt asteroid,
JL4 = Jupiter L4 Trojan,
JL5 = Jupiter L5 Trojan,
CUB = Cubewano,
PLU = Plutino,
1:2 = Neptune 1:2 resonance object,
2:5 = Neptune 2:5 resonance object,
4:7 = Neptune 4:7 resonance object,
SDO = scattered disk object, and
TNO = other trans-Neptunian object.
Dynamical types are from the Minor Planet Center 'Distant Minor Planets'
MPECs for outer solar system objects, and from the Minor Planet Center
'Unusual Minor Planet' listings for other objects.
Note codes indicate comments on data values as follows:
A = assumed;
D = derived from published measurements;
E = estimated based on assumed values;
G = greater than;
H = (for spin period) spin period of one-half the stated value also
possible;
L = less than;
Q = (for spin period) multiple periods exist, with association of
period with primary inconclusive;
S = (for binary semimajor axis) projected separation distance.
For objects without measured diameters, diameters are estimated by first
obtaining the system effective diameter from
D_c = 1320 km * A^-0.5 * 0.1^(H/5)
where D_c is the effective diameter (D_c^2 = D_1^2 + D_2^2), A is the
albedo, and H is the combined absolute magnitude (from the MPCORB
Database). Component diameters D_1 and D_2 are obtained from measured or
estimated D_c using companion-to-primary diameter ratios D_2/D_1, either
reported (e.g. derived from photometric lightcurve observations) or
derived from magnitude difference between components (for binaries
resolved by imaging), assuming identical albedos for both components. If
unmeasured, albedos are assumed to be 0.16 for NEAs/main belt asteroids
and 0.09 for trans-Neptunian objects.
For some objects with unknown binary semimajor axis values, the projected
separation distance is provided. Estimated values of semimajor axis
and/or orbital period are order-of-magnitude figures only, based on
assumed values of density and/or albedo and (in some cases) assuming the
binary semimajor axis is the same as the projected separation. If
unmeasured, system densities are assumed to be 1.6 g/cm^3 for NEAs/main
belt asteroids or 1.0 g/cm^3 for trans-Neptunian objects. Regarding
uncertainties on measured values, readers are referred to the respective
references. Dashes or invalid inputs (usually -9.99) indicate unassigned
or unknown values.
COMPANION DESIGNATIONS/DISCOVERY INFORMATION/REFERENCES TABLE
The second table (binaryothref4) includes companion designations (either
permanent or provisional), discovery information, and reference codes for
for data values listed in the orbital and physical properties table, as
follows:
* minor planet number, name, and provisional designation;
* code for discovery detection method;
* year of announcement of the discovery;
* year of last update in this database;
* and reference codes.
Discovery method codes are as follows: A = adaptive optics telescope
imaging, C = combined radar/lightcurve observations, H = Hubble Space
Telescope imaging, I = imaging, other or unspecified, L = photometric
lightcurve observations, R = radar observations, S = spacecraft imaging.
Year of last update corresponds to the year of the version of the most
recent update for physical or secondary orbital parameters, either V4.0
(31 March 2011), V3.0 (31 March 2010), or V2.0 (4 May 2009). Reference
codes are given for each orbital or physical property value, with codes
referring to complete references listed in a separate file. Dashes or
spaces indicate unassigned values.
MODIFICATION HISTORY
Differences between the current database version and the previous version
(2010) are:
* The current version includes data on 202 companions in 191 systems,
or 8 more components and 8 more systems than the previous release.
* New or revised parameters are reported for 75 of the 194 systems
included in the previous release.
* Heliocentric orbit semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination
are updated from the MPC Orbit (MPCORB) Database.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This data set is intended to provide a quick overview of data on asteroids
and trans-Neptunian objects with companions. Readers should refer to the
original works regarding cited data and for additional details. Also,
there currently exists a number of electronic databases on minor planets
with more extensive information, some of which we note:
* Johnston, W. R., Asteroids with Satellites
[http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/asteroidmoons.html].
* Richardson, D. C., K. Walsh, N. Vogel, and D. Bettis, Minor Planet
Satellite Database [http://borg.astro.umd.edu/~dwb/asteroid/].
* Marchis, F., et al., Virtual Observatory Binary Asteroids Database
[http://cilaos.berkeley.edu/PHP_scripts/VOBAD/VOBAD_portal.html].
* Warner, B. D., A. W. Harris, and P. Pravec, Lightcurve Parameters
[http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/astlc/LightcurveParameters.htm].
The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) was used in compiling the data
presented.
REFERENCES
Descamps, P., and F. Marchis, 2008, Angular momentum of binary
asteroids: Implications for their possible origin, Icarus, 193:74-84.
Merline, W. J., S. J. Weidenschilling, D. D. Durda, J.-L. Margot, P.
Pravec, and A. D. Storrs, 2003, Asteroids do have Satellites, in Asteroids
III, W. F. Bottke Jr., A. Cellino, P. Paolicchi, and R. P. Binzel (eds.),
Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 289-312.
Noll, K. S., 2006, Solar system binaries, in Asteroids, Comets,
Meteors, Proceedings of the 229th Symposium of the International
Astronomical Union, L. Daniela et al. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, 301-318.
Noll, K. S., W. M. Grundy, E. I. Chiang, J.-L. Margot, and S. D. Kern,
2008, Binaries in the Kuiper Belt, in The Solar System Beyond Neptune, M.
A. Barucci, H. Boehnhardt, D. P. Cruikshank, and A. Morbidelli (eds.),
Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 345-363.
Pravec, P., and A. W. Harris, 2007, Binary asteroid population: 1.
Angular momentum content, Icarus, 190:250-259.
Pravec, P., et al., 2006, Photometric survey of binary near-Earth
asteroids, Icarus, 181:63-93.
Richardson, D. C., and K. J. Walsh, 2006, Binary minor planets, Annu.
Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 34:47-81.
Walsh, K. J., 2009, Asteroids with satellites: Inventory, properties,
and prospects for future discoveries, Earth, Moon, and Planets,
105:193-199.
|
.png)
.png)
