| DATA_SET_DESCRIPTION |
Data Set Overview
=================
OVERVIEW
The data set lists orbital and physical properties for well-observed or
suspected binary/multiple minor planets including the Pluto system,
compiled from the published literature as inspired by Richardson and Walsh
(2006) and similar reviews (Merline et al., 2003; Noll, 2006; Pravec et
al., 2006; Pravec and Harris, 2007; Descamps and Marchis, 2008; Noll et
al., 2008; Walsh, 2009). In total 297 companions in 282 systems are
included. Data are presented in three tables: one for orbital and
physical properties; one for companion designations, discovery
information, and reference codes for data values; and one giving full
references for each reference code. This data set is complete for
binary/multiple components reported through 31 March 2016.
ORBITAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TABLE
The first table (binarytable) lists orbital and physical properties of
binary/multiple minor planets, with the following data:
* minor planet number, name, and provisional designation;
* minor planet dynamical type;
* designation of companion;
* minor planet heliocentric semimajor axis (AU), eccentricity, and
inclination;
* combined effective diameter (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* secondary-to-primary diameter ratio with uncertainty and note code;
* primary diameter (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion diameter (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* primary spin period (h) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion orbit semimajor axis (km) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion orbital period (d) with uncertainty and note code;
* companion orbital eccentricity with uncertainty and note code;
* primary geometric albedo with uncertainty and note code;
* system mass (kg) with uncertainty and note code;
* and system density (g/cm^3) with uncertainty and note code.
Entries are sorted first by permanent number then by provisional
designation. Entries are included for all components in multiple (3+)
systems.
Dynamical type codes are as follows:
1:2 = Neptune 1:2 resonance object,
1:3 = Neptune 1:3 resonance object,
2:5 = Neptune 2:5 resonance object,
3:5 = Neptune 3:5 resonance object,
3:8 = Neptune 3:8 resonance object,
4:7 = Neptune 4:7 resonance object,
AMO = Amor,
APO = Apollo,
ATE = Aten,
CEN = Centaur,
CUB = Cubewano,
JL4 = Jupiter L4 Trojan,
JL5 = Jupiter L5 Trojan,
MB = Main Belt asteroid,
MC = Mars crosser,
ML5 = Mars L5 Trojan,
PLU = Plutino,
SDO = scattered disk object, and
TNO = other Transneptunian Object.
Dynamical types are based on the Minor Planet Center 'Unusual Minor
Planet' listings supplemented for outer solar system objects using
classifications by the Deep Ecliptic Survey Team
[http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/desclass.html] (see Elliot et al.,
2005).
Note codes indicate comments on data values as follows:
A = assumed;
D = derived from published measurements;
E = estimated based on assumed values;
G = greater than;
H = (for periods) period of one-half the stated value also possible;
L = less than;
Q = (for period) multiple periods exist, with association of stated
period with primary inconclusive;
S = (for binary semimajor axis) projected separation distance.
For objects without measured diameters, diameters are estimated by first
obtaining the system effective diameter from
D_c = 1320 km * A^-0.5 * 0.1^(H/5)
where D_c is the effective diameter (D_c^2 = D_1^2 + D_2^2), A is the
albedo, and H is the combined absolute magnitude (from the MPCORB
Database). Component diameters D_1 and D_2 are obtained from measured or
estimated D_c using companion-to-primary diameter ratios D_2/D_1, either
reported (e.g. derived from photometric lightcurve observations) or
derived from magnitude difference between components (for binaries
resolved by imaging), assuming identical albedos for both components. If
unmeasured, albedos are assumed to be 0.16 for NEAs/main belt asteroids
and 0.09 for outer solar system objects.
For some objects with unknown binary semimajor axis values, the projected
separation distance is provided. Estimated values of semimajor axis
and/or orbital period are order-of-magnitude figures only, based on
assumed values of density and/or albedo and (in some cases) assuming the
binary semimajor axis is the same as the projected separation. If
unmeasured, system densities are assumed to be 1.6 g/cm^3 for NEAs/main
belt asteroids or 1.0 g/cm^3 for trans-Neptunian objects. Regarding
uncertainties on measured values, readers are referred to the respective
references. Dashes or invalid inputs (usually -9.99) indicate unassigned
or unknown values.
COMPANION DESIGNATIONS/DISCOVERY INFORMATION/REFERENCES TABLE
The second table (binaryothref) includes companion designations (either
permanent or provisional), discovery information, and reference codes for
data values listed in the orbital and physical properties table, as
follows:
* minor planet number, name, and provisional designation;
* code for discovery detection method;
* year of announcement of the discovery;
* year of last update in this database;
* and reference codes.
Discovery method codes are as follows: A = adaptive optics telescope
imaging, C = combined radar/lightcurve observations, H = Hubble Space
Telescope imaging, I = imaging, other or unspecified, L = photometric
lightcurve observations, R = radar observations, S = spacecraft imaging.
Year of last update corresponds to the year of the version of the most
recent update or addition to physical or secondary orbital parameters,
either V9.0 (31 March 2016), 8.0 (31 March 2015), V7.0 (31 March 2014),
V6.0 (31 March 2013), V5.0 (31 March 2012), V4.0 (31 March 2011), V3.0
(31 March 2010), or V2.0 (4 May 2009). Reference codes are given for
each orbital or physical property value, with codes referring to complete
references listed in a separate file (binaryrefs.asc). Dashes or spaces
indicate unassigned values.
REFERENCES TABLE
The third table (references) has columns for reference codes and full
reference information.
MODIFICATION HISTORY
Differences between the current database version and the previous version
(2015) are:
* The current version includes data on 297 companions in 282 systems,
or 28 more components and 28 more systems than the previous release.
* New or revised parameters are reported for 45 of the 269 companions
included in the previous release.
* Heliocentric orbit semimajor axis, eccentricity, and inclination are
updated from the MPC Orbit (MPCORB) Database, and outer solar system
dynamical types are supplemented by classifications from the Deep
Ecliptic Survey Team.
Modifications in successive versions are summarized as follows:
* V1.0 (July 2006) listed 60 companions in 60 systems and included
primary designation, dynamical type, primary and secondary diameters,
primary rotation period, secondary orbital semimajor axis and period,
and system mass and density, with references.
* V2.0 (4 May 2009) listed 173 companions in 165 systems, added entries
for additional components in multiple systems, added data on geometric
albedo, discovery method, date of discovery announcement and secondary
designation, added note codes and references linked to each data value,
and added more specific dynamical types.
* V3.0 (31 March 2010) listed 194 companions in 183 systems and added
year of last update.
* V4.0 (31 March 2011) listed 202 companions in 191 systems.
* V5.0 (31 March 2012) listed 218 companions in 206 systems.
* V6.0 (31 March 2013) listed 242 companions in 229 systems, added data
on combined effective diameter, diameter ratio, and secondary orbital
eccentricity.
* V7.0 (31 March 2014) listed 256 companions in 242 systems.
* V8.0 (31 March 2015) listed 269 companions in 254 systems.
* V9.0 (31 March 2016) lists 297 companions in 282 systems.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This data set is intended to provide a quick overview of data on asteroids
and trans-Neptunian objects with companions. Readers should refer to the
original works regarding cited data and for additional details. Also,
there are currently a number of electronic databases on minor planets with
more extensive information, including:
* Johnston, W. R., Asteroids with Satellites
[http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/asteroidmoons.html].
* Warner, B. D., A. W. Harris, and P. Pravec, Asteroid Lightcurve
Database [http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html].
* Grundy, W. M., et al., Orbit Status of Known Binary TNOs
[http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/tnbs/status.html].
* Harris, A. W., B. D. Warner, and P. Pravec, eds., Asteroid Lightcurve
Derived Data V15.0, EAR-A-5-DDR-DERIVED-LIGHTCURVE-V15.0, NASA
Planetary Data System, 2015 [http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/lc.html].
* Delbo', M., P. Tanga, and J. Gerakis, Minor Planet Physical
Properties Catalogue [http://mp3c.oca.eu/].
The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) was used in compiling the data
presented.
REFERENCES
Descamps, P., and F. Marchis, 2008, Angular momentum of binary asteroids:
Implications for their possible origin, Icarus, 193:74-84.
Elliot, J. L., et al., 2005, The Deep Ecliptic Survey: A search for
Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs. II. Dynamical classification, the Kuiper
belt plane, and the core population, Astron. J., 129:1117-1162.
Harris, A. W., B. D. Warner, and P. Pravec, eds., 2015, Asteroid
Lightcurve Derived Data V15.0, EAR-A-5-DDR-DERIVED-LIGHTCURVE-V15.0, NASA
Planetary Data System.
Merline, W. J., S. J. Weidenschilling, D. D. Durda, J.-L. Margot, P.
Pravec, and A. D. Storrs, 2003, Asteroids do have Satellites, in Asteroids
III, W. F. Bottke Jr., A. Cellino, P. Paolicchi, and R. P. Binzel (eds.),
Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 289-312.
Noll, K. S., 2006, Solar system binaries, in Asteroids, Comets, Meteors,
Proceedings of the 229th Symposium of the International Astronomical
Union, L. Daniela et al. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge,
301-318.
Noll, K. S., W. M. Grundy, E. I. Chiang, J.-L. Margot, and S. D. Kern,
2008, Binaries in the Kuiper Belt, in The Solar System Beyond Neptune, M.
A. Barucci, H. Boehnhardt, D. P. Cruikshank, and A. Morbidelli (eds.),
Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, 345-363.
Pravec, P., and A. W. Harris, 2007, Binary asteroid population: 1. Angular
momentum content, Icarus, 190:250-259.
Pravec, P., et al., 2006, Photometric survey of binary near-Earth
asteroids, Icarus, 181:63-93.
Richardson, D. C., and K. J. Walsh, 2006, Binary minor planets, Annu. Rev.
Earth Planet. Sci., 34:47-81.
Walsh, K. J., 2009, Asteroids with satellites: Inventory, properties, and
prospects for future discoveries, Earth, Moon, and Planets, 105:193-199.
|
.png)
.png)
