Data Set Overview  :  The Juno (JUNO) Jupiter (JU) Gravity Science (GS) Raw Data Archive (RDA) is the set of raw and partially processed  radio science data collected in support of the gravity investigation at Jupiter starting in July 2016.  The earliest data in this data set were collected  on 2016-07-04. During perijoves, ODF tracking data, TNF tracking data,  open-loop RSR data, and AMC calibration data are collected. Most perijoves contain X-band and Ka-band Doppler data. During perijove 0, the Jupiter Orbit Insertion main engine maneuver and were performed in a non-coherent mode. Jupiter orbit  insertion Doppler data are available in the ODF format only. Perijove 1 was a gravity science perijove conducted in the X-up/X-down X-up/Ka-down configuration over DSS-55. During Perijove 2, the  spacecraft entered safe mode. Coherent X-band Doppler data are available for Perijove 2 over DSS-26. Perijoves 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 18 will be conducted in the MWR attitude and only X-band data through the Medium Gain Antenna are available. All other perijoves contain Ka-band tracking data in addition to X-band. Between perijoves, X-band Doppler and Range data are provided in  the ODF directory in per-orbit files.   The closed-loop system used a phase-lock loop in the ground receiver  to track the downlink signal, reporting both amplitude and frequency at  rates typically of 1-10 times per second. Closed-loop data are efficient for characterizing slowly changing signals and are the input to  operational navigation and orbit-determination processes. Open-loop data (because of their much higher rate and volume) are collected only when the signal is expected to be very dynamic -- such as during a spacecraft maneuver or during perijove.  The data set includes three primary data types. Tracking and Navigation Service Data Files (TNFs) are the most primitive (and most voluminous) product of the closed-loop system. Orbit Data Files (ODFs) are compressed versions of TNFs, specifically targeted to spacecraft navigators and scientists interested in gravity fields. Radio Science Receiver records (RSRs) are the primary data type from the open-loop system.  Typical users of these data might analyze range and Doppler  measurements in ODFs to reconstruct the spacecraft trajectory or determine the gravity field. Relevant questions would include the measurement uncertainties in range and Doppler at different DSN antennas; the uncertainties could set constraints on any model of the gravity field developed later, for example. The TNF data are generally reserved for use in more sophisticated investigations or where information beyond what is available in the ODF may be required. For example, the TNF contains the phase of the transmitted and received signals whereas the ODF focuses mainly on the frequency. RSR data were collected during tracks dedicated to Radio Science, primarily during all science perijoves.  Parameters  :  The TNF is the primary output from the DSN closed-loop system. In the TNF about 20 record types are defined, each designed for a particular audience, although it was frequently the case that users needed more than one record type. The emphasis of the data is on phase of the transmitted and received signals. Each TNF is accompanied by a PDS minimal label which points to a software specification document (TNF_SIS.TXT) in the DOCUMENT directory of the archive for detailed descriptions of the records and fields.  The ODF is a minimally processed output of the closed-loop receiver.  It contains the most important information (range, Doppler and frequency ramps) needed by spacecraft investigators, and investigators interested  in determining gravity fields. Each ODF is accompanied by a full  PDS label which describes both the content and format of the  associated file. ODF data fields include:   Narrowband spacecraft VLBI, Doppler mode (cycles)  Narrowband spacecraft VLBI, phase mode (cycles)  Narrowband quasar VLBI, Doppler mode (cycles)  Narrowband quasar VLBI, phase mode (cycles)  Wideband spacecraft VLBI (nanoseconds)  Wideband quasar VLBI (nanoseconds)  One-way Doppler (Hertz)  Two-way Doppler (Hertz)  Three-way Doppler (Hertz)  One-way total count phase (cycles)  Two-way total count phase (cycles)  Three-way total count phase (cycles)  PRA planetary operational discrete spectrum range (range  units)  SRA planetary operational discrete spectrum range (range  units)  RE(GSTDN) range (nanoseconds)  Azimuth angle (degrees)  Elevation angle (degrees)  Hour angle (degrees)  Declination angle (degrees)  Radio Science Receiver (RSR) records contain samples of open loop receiver output; the samples are complex and can have 1-16 bits in both the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components, depending on sampling rate and precision requested. Sampling rates between 1 ksps and 16 Msps may be requested. Each RSR file is accompanied by a full PDS label which describes both the format and the content at the bit level. Open Loop Files (OLF) is a processed version of the open loop data containing Doppler data extracted utilizing a  phase-locked loop. The format of these files is identical to the Orbit Data File (ODF) described above. Each OLF is  accompanied by a full PDS label describing the content and format of the associated file.  Processing  :   Typical TNFs contained data from a 24-hour period, combining data from several antennas if there were multiple passes in one day. The files archived for Juno were not screened for 'bad' points.  ODFs are abstracted from subsets of TNF data, the uncompressed output  of the closed-loop receiver at the Deep Space Network. A full PDS label accompanies each ODF file and gives a bit level description of  the content and format.   Data  :  The data set contains primary data and secondary data. Primary  data are those files which would normally be used to derive science  products and investigation results. Ancillary data are needed  for the processing or interpretation of primary data but are  not usually considered to have science value of their own.  For gravity science, there are two types of primary data.  Listings of primary and secondary files can be found in INDEX/INDEX.TAB  for the data set (as of the most recent delivery).  TNFs contain the most primitive (and most voluminous) output from the closed-loop radio science system; they are stored in the TNF directory. They have file names of the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuwCtttVnn.TNF where 'PPPP' identifies  the data set; 'yyyy' is the four-digit year, 'ddd' is the three-digit  day-of-year, 'hh' is the two-digit hour, and 'mm' is the two-digit  minute at the beginning of the file; 'X' denotes the uplink band i (X : X-band, K:Ka-band); 'uu' indicates the uplink station  (set to 'NN' for no uplink or 'MM' for two or more uplinking  stations during the time interval covered), 'w' indicates the  downlink mode ('1', '2', '3', or 'M' for 1-way, 2-way, 3-way,  or 'multiple', respectively), 'Cttt' indicates the Doppler  count time in seconds (for example, 'C001' is a 1-second  count time and 'CMMM' indicate multiple or unknown count  time), and 'Vnn' indicates the version number of the file. A detached PDS minimal label accompanies each TNF; label  files have names of the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuwCtttVnn.LBL. TNFs in this data set were usually generated at a 1-second  sampling rate. A typical TNF contains about 110 MB.  ODFs are stored in the ODF directory. ODFs contain the output of the  closed-loop tracking system of the Deep Space Network. File names are  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuwCtttVnn.ODF where 'PPPP' identifies  the data set; 'yyyy' is the four-digit year, 'ddd' is the three-digit day-of-year, 'hh' is the two-digit hour, and 'mm' is the two-digit  minute at the beginning of the file; 'X' denotes the uplink band  (X : X-band, K:Ka-band); 'uu' indicates the uplink station (set to 'NN' for no uplink or 'MM' for two or more uplinking stations during the time interval covered), 'w' indicates the downlink mode ('1', '2', '3', or 'M' for 1-way, 2-way, 3-way, or 'multiple', respectively), 'Cttt' indicates the Doppler count time in seconds (for example, 'C001' is a 1-second count time and 'CMMM' indicate multiple or unknown count time), and 'Vnn' indicates the version number of the file. A detached PDS minimal label accompanies each TNF; label  files have names of the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuwCtttVnn.LBL. The typical ODF contains about 3 MB. Yearly ODFs are 30-100 MB. RSR data files are stored in the RSR directory. RSR files have the  form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuDddBBBVnn.RSR where 'PPPP' identifies  the data set, 'yyyyddd' identifies the starting year and day of year,  'hhmm' identifies the start time, in UTC, 'X' denotes the uplink band  (X : X-band, K:Ka-band), 'uu' denotes the uplink DSS ID, 'D' denotes  the downlink band, 'dd' denotes the downlink DSS ID, 'BBBB' indicates  the recording bandwidth (001K : 1 kHz, 100 : 100 kHz, 001M : 1 MHz,  etc), and 'Vnn' indicates the version number of the file. Dates and times in the file name are UTC. The file is accompanied by a PDS label with the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuDddBBBVnn.LBL. A typical RSR file recorded at 1 ksps over a standard 8 hour track is 100 MB. OLFs are stored in the OLF directory. OLFs contain the processed  open-loop data collected by the RSR/WVSR at the Deep Space Network.  File names are of the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuwCtttVnn.OLF where  'PPPP' identifies the data set; 'yyyy' is the four-digit year, 'ddd'  is the three-digit day-of-year, 'hh' is the two-digit hour, and 'mm'  is the two-digit minute at the beginning of the file; 'X' denotes the  uplink band (X : X-band, K:Ka-band); 'uu' indicates the uplink  station (set to 'NN' for no uplink or 'MM' for two or more uplinking  stations during the time interval covered), 'w' indicates the downlink  mode ('1', '2', '3', or 'M' for 1-way, 2-way, 3-way, or 'multiple',  respectively), 'Cttt' indicates the Doppler count time in seconds  (for example, 'C001' is a 1-second count time and 'CMMM' indicate  multiple or unknown count time), and 'Vnn' indicates the version number  of the file. The OLF label has file name  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_hhmmXuuwCtttVnn.LBL. The typical OLF contains about  3 MB.  Ancillary Data  :  An extensive set of ancillary files is needed for proper analysis  and interpretation of the data. In the paragraphs below  'yyyyddd_yyyyddd' gives the start and end dates of the data in  the file, 'Vnn' gives the version number of the file and  'PPPP' gives the data set identification. All dates in the file  names unless otherwise specified are UTC dates.   Earth Orientation Parameter Files (EOP Directory) --------------------------------------------------- Earth Orientation Parameter files are ASCII files produced by the Tracking System Analytic Calibration (TSAC) Group at JPL. File names have the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.EOP. Each EOP file is accompanied by a PDS minimal label with file name GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.LBL. Typical file size is 1 MB. Advanced Media Calibration Files (AMC Directory) --------------------------------------------------- The Advanced Media Calibration files are produced by the Radio  Science Systems Group and provide corrections to DSN tracking  data at DSS-25. Files have the form  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_xx_Vnn.AMC, where 'xx' is the unit number (01 for AMC01, 02 for AMC02). Each AMC file is accompanied  by a PDS label with the file name having the form  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_xx_Vnn.LBL. Typical file size is 80 kB.  Ionosphere Calibration Files (ION Directory)  ---------------------------------------------------  Ionosphere Calibration files are ASCII files produced by the Tracking  System Analytic Calibration (TSAC) Group at JPL. They provide  historical and predicted Earth ionospheric conditions. File  names have the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.ION. Each ION  file is accompanied by a PDS minimal label with file name  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.LBL. Typical file size is 24 KB.   Troposphere Calibration Files (TRO Directory)  ---------------------------------------------------  Troposphere Calibration files are ASCII files produced by the Tracking System Analytic Calibration (TSAC) Group at JPL. They provide  historical and predicted Earth tropospheric conditions. File  names have the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.TRO. Each TRO  file is accompanied by a PDS minimal label with file name  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.LBL. Typical file size is 150 KB.   DSN Weather Files (WEA Directory)  ---------------------------------------------------  DSN Weather files were produced by the Tracking System  Analytic Calibration (TSAC) Group at JPL. Files give weather  calibration information for DSN complexes. These are ASCII  files of variable length records. File names have the form  GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_ss_Vnn.WEA, where 'ss' is the DSN complex  where weather data were acquired. WEA files are typically  released weekly and contain all weather data for the complex  since 1 January. Each WEA file is accompanied by a PDS minimal label with file name GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_ss_Vnn.LBL.  The files grow at the rate of approximately 90 KB per month.  Small Forces Files (SFF Directory) ---------------------------------------------------  Small Forces Files were created from the Juno spacecraft engineering telemetry stream. These are ASCII files of variable length records. File names have the form GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.SFF. Each SFF file is accompanied by a PDS minimal label with the file name GRV_PPPP_yyyyddd_yyyyddd_Vnn.LBL. The average file size is 10 KB. File format and content are described by NAV018-SFF_JPL in the DOCUMENT directory.   Relevant Data Archived At Other Sites : The Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) is the navigation node of the PDS. NAIF provides the archives for spacecraft navigation, attitude, events, clock conversion, and planetary ephemerides for most NASA missions. Additionally, NAIF provides the SPICE toolkit, containing useful algorithms to utilize and manipulate data NAIF provide.  Relevant to gravity science are the following types: * CK: Spacecraft and solar array attitude orientation files * EK: Spacecraft events kernel * FK: Reference frame specification * SCLK: Conversion between spacecraft time and ephemeris time * SPK: Spacecraft and Planetary ephemeris data   Software  :  Software for parsing, reducing, and analyzing data such as  these has been developed at several institutions.  Because such software must usually operate at the bit-level and  is written for a narrow range of platforms, it is not suitable  for general distribution. No software is included with this  archival data set.   Media/Format  :  These data have been delivered to the PDS Atmospheres Node  electronically.

Overview  :  Data in this archival data set have been collected to support  radio science investigations. These are similar to data collected  using other spacecraft at different targets and are believed  to be generally of good quality.   Data Coverage and Quality  :  The data in this archive contain data from all nominal Juno  passes after the Jupiter Orbit Insertion on July 4, 2016. They  are primarily for the gravity investigation.   Limitations  :  The limitations in this data set follow from the quality of  the execution, which is described above under Data Coverage  and Quality.