DATA_SET_DESCRIPTION |
Data Set Overview
=================
This data set contains Raw data taken by New Horizons
Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera
instrument during the PLUTO mission phase.
MVIC is a visible and near-infrared imager. MVIC comprises seven
separate CCD two-dimensional arrays; all rows are 5024 pixels across
with twelve pixels at either end of each row optically inactive. The
single Pan Frame array is a panchromatic frame-transfer imager, 5024x128
pixels, that typically takes multiple frames in each observation. The
common Pan Frame data product is an image cube in three dimensions:
spatial; spatial; image frame, equivalent to time. Of the remaining six
arrays, 5024x32 pixels each, two are panchromatic (unfiltered), and the
remaining four are under filters and called the color arrays:
Near-InfraRed (NIR); methane (CH4); Red; Blue. All six are operated in
Time-Delay Integration (TDI) mode; the TDI arrays are in some ways
similar to line cameras. In TDI mode, the spacecraft and MVIC boresight
are scanned across the target at a rate that matches the charge transfer
clock rate across the rows of the CCDs. Ideally the rates are matched,
so as the charges are read by the analog-to-digital converter off the
last line of the array, each pixel reading is near-proportional to the
brightness of the same piece of the target as its image moved across the
array, accumulating charge on each row. In TDI mode it is the product of
the per-row charge clock rate and the duration of the observation that
determines the number of rows each the image, and the image can be
arbitrarily long; the number of rows (32) in each array is not relevant
in determining the size of the image. The common data product for each
of the TDI arrays is a 2-D image, of arbitrary length as noted earlier.
During the Pluto Charon Encounter mission phase starting in January,
2015, there were several sub-phases: three Approach sub-phases, (AP1,
AP2 and AP3); a CORE sequence for the Pluto flyby on 14.July, 2015 (Day
Of Year 195), sometimes also referred to as NEP (Near-Encounter Phase);
three Departure sub-phases (DP1, DP2, DP3). For this second Ralph-MVIC
delivery for the Pluto mission phase, this data set includes only the
Approach data plus a subset of the CORE and Departure sequences' data
that was downlinked through the end of January, 2016, plus observations
of Pluto ring search taken in November, 2015. The rest of the Pluto
data will be delivered in future versions of this data set according to
the schedule worked out by the Project and NASA.
On Approach during April, May and June of 2015, MVIC operations
included the following: functional tests; full color observations of
the Pluto, Charon and the other Plutonian satellites; Critical and
Non-critical Optical Navication (OpNav or NAV) observations. The color
observations were grouped over several 6-day periods to obtain a full
rotation of Pluto and Charon.
This dataset includes the first PC_VISUV_MAP for MVIC at about 19 days
before encounter, a color TDI observation looking for changes in color
and composition over multiple rotations, to meet the goal of
understanding the time variability of Pluto's surface. These
observations were repeated daily over that week leading up to
encounter. From the day of encounter, this data set includes data from
three CORE observations: (1) Pluto/Charon color map (PC_MULTI_MAP)
about a day before the Time of Closest Approach (P-1d); (2) Pluto and
Charon color scan at P-5h (PC_COLOR_1); (3) Nix color scan (N_COLOR_2).
The PC_MULTI_MAP observation, the last one of which is included in this
dataset, met multiple goals including imaging for color and surface
composition maps of the Pluto and Charon hemispheres, Pluto and Charon
phase integrals with resolved whole-disk images near 15 degrees, and
imaging Pluto hazes on approach. Secondary goals are Pluto and Charon
color high and low phase imaging to enable integrating over wavelength
to determine the bolometric Bond albedo, and also to investigate the
surface microphysics of Pluto and Charon, studying compositional and
textural stratification in the surface as a function of terrain type.
The N_COLOR series provided Nix high-resolution resolved color images.
Every observation provided in this data set was taken as a part of a
particular sequence. A list of these sequences has been provided in
file DOCUMENT/SEQ_MVIC_PLUTO.TAB.
N.B. Some sequences provided may have no corresponding observations.
For a list of observations, refer to the data set index table. This
is typically INDEX.TAB initially in the INDEX/ area of the data set.
There is also a file SLIMINDX.TAB in INDEX/ that summarizes key
information relevant to each observation, including which sequence
was in effect and what target was likely intended for the
observation.
Version
=======
This is VERSION 2.0 of this data set.
The pipeline (see Processing below) was re-run on these data for each
version since the first (V1.0). As a result, ancillary information,
such as observational geometry and time (SPICE), may be updated.
This will affect, for example, the calibration of the data if parameters
such as the velocity or orientation of the target relative to the
instrument, or the recorded target itself, have changed.
See the following sections for details of what has changed over each
version since the first (V1.0). Note that even if this is not a
calibrated data set, the calibration changes are listed as the data
will have been re-run and there will be updates to the calibration
files, to the documentation (Science Operations Center - Instrument
Interface Control Document: SOC_INST_ICD) and to the steps required
to calibrate the data.
This P2 Pluto Encounter dataset release provides updates to the Pluto dataset
between P1 (data on the ground by 7/31/2015) and P2 (data on the ground by
1/31/2016). Some data that had been downlinked as a subframe in the last
delivery now has been re-downlinked for the full frame image. All liens from
the initial Pluto delivery have also now been resolved. The dataset includes
the additional observations below:
Obs. Name (Request ID), Obs Date, Downlink Start, Downlink End, Obs. Target
DPMV_O_RING_DEP_MVICFRAME_305A 2015-11-01 2016/003 2016/030 Ring Search
Observation
PEMV_01_C_Color_2 2015-07-14 2015/266 2015/266 Charon Observation
PEMV_01_C_MVIC_LORRI_CA 2015-07-14 2015/312 2015/312 Charon Observation
PEMV_01_H_Color_1 2015-07-14 2015/283 2015/283 Hydra Observation
PEMV_01_H_Color_Best 2015-07-14 2015/283 2015/283 Hydra Observation
PEMV_01_N_Color_Best 2015-07-14 2015/283 2015/329 Nix Observation
PEMV_01_N_Mpan_CA 2015-07-14 2015/347 2015/347 Nix Observation
PEMV_01_PC_Color_1 2015-07-14 2015/283 2015/283 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Dep_Long_3 2015-07-15 2015/283 2015/283 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Long_1d2 2015-07-13 2015/282 2015/282 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_A_18 2015-07-07 2015/279 2015/279 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_A_3 2015-07-02 2015/229 2015/229 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_A_5 2015-07-03 2015/229 2015/229 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_B_15 2015-07-12 2015/282 2015/282 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_B_17 2015-07-13 2015/286 2015/286 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_B_3 2015-07-08 2015/279 2015/279 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Multi_Map_B_6 2015-07-09 2015/279 2015/279 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Ralph_Charon_270deg 2015-07-16 2015/283 2015/283 Pluto and Charon
obs
PEMV_01_PC_Ralph_Charon_90Deg 2015-07-19 2015/284 2015/284 Pluto and Charon
obs
PEMV_01_PC_Ralph_Dark_Area 2015-07-19 2015/284 2015/284 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Ralph_Enc_Hem_Dep 2015-07-18 2015/283 2015/283 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Ralph_N2_Bright 2015-07-17 2015/283 2015/283 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_Ralph_Pluto_CO 2015-07-18 2015/283 2015/283 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_VISUV_MAP_B_12 2015-06-29 2015/233 2015/233 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_VISUV_MAP_B_19 2015-07-01 2015/229 2015/229 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_VISUV_MAP_B_3 2015-06-26 2015/246 2015/246 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_VISUV_MAP_B_6 2015-06-27 2015/244 2015/244 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_PC_VISUV_MAP_B_9 2015-06-28 2015/237 2015/237 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_01_P_Color2 2015-07-14 2015/260 2015/262 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_HiPhase_HiRes 2015-07-14 2015/255 2015/255 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_MPan1 2015-07-14 2015/280 2015/280 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_Multi_Dep_Long_1 2015-07-14 2015/278 2015/278 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_MVICFlat_Col_1 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_MVICFlat_Col_2 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_MVICFlat_Pan_First 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_MVICFlat_Pan_Second 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_P_MVIC_LORRI_CA 2015-07-14 2015/272 2015/272 Pluto Observation
PEMV_01_U_TBD_1 2015-07-13 2015/282 2015/283 Kerberos and Styx obs
PEMV_02_PC_Multi_Map_B_9 2015-07-10 2015/279 2015/279 Pluto and Charon obs
PEMV_02_P_MVICFlat_Col_1 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_02_P_MVICFlat_Col_2 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_02_P_MVICFlat_Pan_First 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
PEMV_02_P_MVICFlat_Pan_Second 2015-07-14 2015/253 2015/253 Pluto Observation
Processing
==========
The data in this data set were created by a software data
processing pipeline on the Science Operations Center (SOC) at
the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), Department of Space Operations.
This SOC pipeline assembled data as FITS files from raw telemetry
packets sent down by the spacecraft and populated the data labels
with housekeeping and engineering values, and computed geometry
parameters using SPICE kernels. The pipeline did not resample
the data.
Data
====
The observations in this data set are stored in data files using
standard Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) format. Each FITS
file has a corresponding detached PDS label file, named according
to a common convention. The FITS files may have image and/or table
extensions. See the PDS label plus the DOCUMENT files for a
description of these extensions and their contents.
This Data section comprises the following sub-topics:
- Filename/Product IDs
- Instrument description
- Other sources of information useful in interpreting these Data
- Visit Description, Visit Number, and Target in the Data Labels
Filename/Product IDs
--------------------
The filenames and product IDs of observations adhere to a
common convention e.g.
MC0_0123456789_0X530_ENG.FIT
^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^\__/
| | | | ^^
| | | | |
| | | | +--File type (includes dot)
| | | | - .FIT for FITS file
| | | | - .LBL for PDS label
| | | | - not part of product ID
| | | |
| | | +--ENG for CODMAC Level 2 data
| | | SCI for CODMAC Level 3 data
| | |
| | +--Application ID (ApID) of the telemetry data
| | packet from which the data come
| | N.B. ApIDs are case-insensitive
| |
| +--MET (Mission Event Time) i.e. Spacecraft Clock
|
+--Instrument designator
Note that, depending on the observation, the MET in the data filename
and in the Product ID may be similar to the Mission Event Time (MET)
of the actual observation acquisition, but should not be used as an
analog for the acquisition time. The MET is the time that the data are
transferred from the instrument to spacecraft memory and is therefore
not a reliable indicator of the actual observation time. The PDS label
and the index tables are better sources to use for the actual timing of
any observation. The specific keywords and index table column names for
which to look are
* START_TIME
* STOP_TIME
* SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_START_COUNT
* SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_STOP_COUNT
Instrument Instrument designators ApIDs **
=========== ================================== =============
MVIC MC0, MC1, MC2, MC3, MP1, MP2, MPF 0X530 - 0X54A *
* Not all values in this range are in this data set
** ApIDs are case insensitive
There are other ApIDs that contain housekeeping values and
other values. See SOC Instrument ICD (/DOCUMENT/SOC_INST_ICD.*)
for more details.
Here is a summary of the meanings of each instrument designator:
Instr
Dsgn. Description
===== ===========
MC0 MVIC, Color TDI, Red filter
MC1 MVIC, Color TDI, Blue filter
MC2 MVIC, Color TDI, Near-InfraRed (NIR) filter
MC3 MVIC, Color TDI, Methane (CH4) filter
MP1 MVIC, Panchromatic TDI CCD 1
MP2 MVIC, Panchromatic TDI CCD 2
MPF MVIC, Panchromatic frame (5024 pixels)
See SOC Instrument ICD (/DOCUMENT/SOC_INST_ICD.*) for details
Here is a summary of the types of files generated by each ApID
(N.B. ApIDs are case-insensitive) along with the instrument
designator that go with each ApID:
ApIDs Data product description/Prefix(es)
===== ===================================
0x530 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI Lossless (CDH 1)/MP1,MP2
0x53f - MVIC Panchromatic TDI Lossless (CDH 2)/MP1,MP2
0x531 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI Packetized (CDH 1)/MP1,MP2
0x540 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI Packetized (CDH 2)/MP1,MP2
0x532 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI Lossy (CDH 1)/MP1,MP2
0x541 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI Lossy (CDH 2)/MP1,MP2
0x533 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI 3x3 Binned Lossless (CDH 1)/MP1,MP2 *
0x542 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI 3x3 Binned Lossless (CDH 2)/MP1,MP2 *
0x534 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI 3x3 Binned Packetized (CDH 1)/MP1,MP2 *
0x543 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI 3x3 Binned Packetized (CDH 2)/MP1,MP2 *
0x535 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI 3x3 Binned Lossy (CDH 1)/MP1,MP2 *
0x544 - MVIC Panchromatic TDI 3x3 Binned Lossy (CDH 2)/MP1,MP2 *
0x536 - MVIC Color TDI Lossless (CDH 1)/MC0,MC1,MC2,MC3
0x545 - MVIC Color TDI Lossless (CDH 2)/MC0,MC1,MC2,MC3
0x537 - MVIC Color TDI Packetized (CDH 1)/MC0,MC1,MC2,MC3
0x546 - MVIC Color TDI Packetized (CDH 2)/MC0,MC1,MC2,MC3
0x538 - MVIC Color TDI Lossy (CDH 1)/MC0,MC1,MC2,MC3
0x547 - MVIC Color TDI Lossy (CDH 2)/MC0,MC1,MC2,MC3
0x539 - MVIC Panchromatic Frame Transfer Lossless (CDH 1)/MPF
0x548 - MVIC Panchromatic Frame Transfer Lossless (CDH 2)/MPF
0x53a - MVIC Panchromatic Frame Transfer Packetized (CDH 1)/MPF
0x549 - MVIC Panchromatic Frame Transfer Packetized (CDH 2)/MPF
0x53b - MVIC Panchromatic Frame Transfer Lossy (CDH 1)/MPF
0x54a - MVIC Panchromatic Frame Transfer Lossy (CDH 2)/MPF
* as of October, 2014, 3x3 modes have not been used
Instrument description
----------------------
Refer to the following files for a description of this instrument.
CATALOG
MVIC.CAT
DOCUMENTS
RALPH_SSR.*
SOC_INST_ICD.*
NH_RALPH_V###_TI.TXT (### is a version number)
Other sources of information useful in interpreting these Data
--------------------------------------------------------------
Refer to the following files for more information about these data
NH Trajectory tables:
/DOCUMENT/NH_MISSION_TRAJECTORY.* - Heliocentric
RALPH Field Of View definitions:
/DOCUMENT/NH_FOV.*
/DOCUMENT/NH_RALPH_V###_TI.TXT
Visit Description, Visit Number, and Target in the Data Labels
---------------------------------------------------------------
The observation sequences were defined in Science Activity Planning
(SAP) documents, and grouped by Visit Description and Visit Number.
The SAPs are spreadsheets with one Visit Description & Number per row.
A nominal target is also included on each row and included in the data
labels, but does not always match with the TARGET_NAME field's value in
the data labels. In some cases, the target was designated as RA,DEC
pointing values in the form ``RADEC=123.45,-12.34'' indicating Right
Ascension and Declination, in degrees, of the target from the
spacecraft in the Earth Equatorial J2000 inertial reference frame.
This indicates either that the target was either a star, or that the
target's ephemeris was not loaded into the spacecraft's attitude and
control system which in turn meant the spacecraft could not be pointed
at the target by a body identifier and an inertial pointing value had
to be specified as Right Ascension and Declination values. PDS-SBN
practices do not allow putting a value like RADEC=... in the PDS
TARGET_NAME keyword's value. In those cases the PDS TARGET_NAME value
is set to CALIBRATION. TARGET_NAME may be N/A (Not Available or Not
Applicable) for a few observations in this data set; typically that
means the observation is a functional test so N/A is an appropriate
entry for those targets, but the PDS user should also check the
NEWHORIZONS:OBSERVATION_DESC and NEWHORIZONS:SEQUENCE_ID keywords in
the PDS label, plus the provided sequence list (see Ancillary Data
below) to assess the possibility that there was an intended target.
Ancillary Data
==============
The geometry items included in the data labels were computed
using the SPICE kernels archived in the New Horizons SPICE
data set, NH-X-SPICE-6-PLUTO-V1.0.
Every observation provided in this data set was taken as a part of a
particular sequence. A list of these sequences has been provided in
file DOCUMENT/SEQ_MVIC_PLUTO.TAB. In addition, the
sequence identifier (ID) and description are included in the PDS label
for every observation. N.B. While every observation has an associated
sequence, every sequence may not have associated observations. Some
sequences may have failed to execute due to spacecraft events (e.g.
safing). No attempt has been made during the preparation of this data
set to identify such empty sequences, so it is up to the user to
compare the times of the sequences to the times of the available
observations from INDEX/INDEX.TAB to identify such sequences.
Time
====
There are several time systems, or units, in use in this dataset:
New Horizons spacecraft MET (Mission Event Time or Mission Elapsed
Time), UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), and TDB Barycentric
Dynamical Time.
This section will give a summary description of the relationship
between these time systems. For a complete explanation of these
time systems the reader is referred to the documentation
distributed with the Navigation and Ancillary Information
Facility (NAIF) SPICE toolkit from the PDS NAIF node, (see
http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/).
The most common time unit associated with the data is the spacecraft
MET. MET is a 32-bit counter on the New Horizons spacecraft that
runs at a rate of about one increment per second starting from a
value of zero at
19.January, 2006 18:08:02 UTC
or
JD2453755.256337 TDB.
The leapsecond adjustment (DELTA_ET = ET - UTC) was 65.184s at
NH launch, and the first three additional leapseconds occured
in at the ends of December, 2009, June, 2012 and June, 2015.
Refer to the NH SPICE data set, NH-J/P/SS-SPICE-6-V1.0, and the
SPICE toolkit docmentation, for more details about leapseconds.
The data labels for any given product in this dataset usually
contain at least one pair of common UTC and MET representations
of the time at the middle of the observation. Other portions
of the products, for example tables of data taken over periods
of up to a day or more, will only have the MET time associated
with a given row of the table.
For the data user's use in interpreting these times, a reasonable
approximation (+/- 1s) of the conversion between Julian Day (TDB)
and MET is as follows:
JD TDB = 2453755.256337 + ( MET / 86399.9998693 )
For more accurate calculations the reader is referred to the
NAIF/SPICE documentation as mentioned above.
Reference Frame
===============
Geometric Parameter Reference Frame
-----------------------------------
Earth Mean Equator and Vernal Equinox of J2000 (EMEJ2000) is the
inertial reference frame used to specify observational geometry items
provided in the data labels. Geometric parameters are based on best
available SPICE data at time of data creation.
Epoch of Geometric Parameters
-----------------------------
All geometric parameters provided in the data labels were computed at
the epoch midway between the START_TIME and STOP_TIME label fields.
Software
========
The observations in this data set are in standard FITS format
with PDS labels, and can be viewed by a number of PDS-provided
and commercial programs. For this reason no special software is
provided with this data set.
Contact Information
===================
For any questions regarding the data format of the archive,
contact
New Horizons RALPH Principal Investigator:
Alan Stern, Southwest Research Institute
S. Alan Stern
Southwest Research Institute
Department of Space Studies
1050 Walnut Street, Suite 400
Boulder, CO 80302
USA
|