Data Set Overview
    =================
      THIS DATA SET CONTAINS THE ION PARAMETERS IN THE PLS VOLTAGE
      RANGE (10-5950 EV/Q) WITH FORMAL 1 SIGMA ERRORS OBTAINED FROM
      VOYAGER 2 DATA AT SATURN BY FITTING THE MEASURED SPECTRA WITH
      ISOTROPIC MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTIONS TO OBTAIN PLASMA DENSITIES,
      TEMPERATURES, AND VELOCITY.  ONLY SPECTRA WHICH HAD DISTINCT
      CURRENT PEAKS WERE FIT.  SPECTRA WERE FIT USING ONE OR TWO ION
      SPECIES, PROTONS AND/OR A HEAVY ION WHICH WAS TAKEN TO BE
      NITROGEN OUTSIDE OF 14 RS AND OXYGEN ELSEWHERE.  OUTSIDE
      L=10-12 ION SPECTRA CHANGE RAPIDLY, SO THE VALUES IN THIS DATA
      SET DO NOT REPRESENT AVERAGE PLASMA CONDITIONS IN THE OUTER
      MAGNETOSPHERE.  THE VALUES FOR POSITION AND MAGNETIC FIELD
      GIVEN IN THE DATA SET ARE ONLY APPROXIMATE AND SHOULD NOT BE
      USED FOR PUBLICATION.  PARAMETERS WHICH ARE IDENTICALLY 0 AND
      HAVE UNCERTAINTIES OF 0 WERE NOT FIT DUE TO INSUFFICIENT DATA;
      THESE NUMBERS ARE THUS NOT REAL VALUES.  A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION
      OF THIS DATA SET IS GIVEN IN RICHARDSON (1986).  DATA FORMAT:
      EACH DATA RECORD CONSISTS OF 5+2N LINES, WHERE N IS THE NUMBER
      OF IONS FIT.  LINE 1: S (A1, INDICATES THE START OF A NEW FIT);
      TIME OF SPECTRUM; YR(I4),DY(I3), HRMIN(I5),SEC.MSEC(F7.3);
      SPACECRAFT LOCATION; RADIUS(F7.3),RHO(F7.3); MAGNETIC FIELD;
      BRHO,BPHI,BZ(3F7.3); MODE; L OR M(I2); DATE FIT WAS DONE;
      MONTHDAYYEAR(I7); INITIALS OF FITTER(I4); NUMBER OF ANALYSIS
      ROUTINE USED; (EQUALS 4 IN THIS DATA SET, INDICATING PROGRAMS
      INCORPORATING THE FULL RESPONSE FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT FOR
      L MODES DATA): CHI-SQUARE FROM FIT (E7.3);NUMBER OF IONS FIT
      (I2): LINES 2-5 TELL WHICH CHANNELS WERE FIT: CUP IDENTIFIER
      (A,B,C,D) (A1); NUMBER OF SETS OF CHANNELS FIT (I3); BEGINNING
      AND ENDING CHANNEL OF EACH SET (2-20I3): LINE 6; FIT PARAMETERS
      FOR IONS: F (LINE IDENTIFIER) (A1); ION SPECIES NUMBER (1-8)
      (I1)ION MASS, CHARGE (I3,I2); DEN,XDEN,VR,XVR,VPHI,XVPHI
      (6E10.3), WHERE THE X* VARIABLES ARE FORMAL 1 SIGMA
      UNCERTAINTIES: LINE 7; REMAINING FIT PARAMETERS: G (LINE
      IDENTIFIER), ION SPECIES NUMBER (A1, I1);
      VZ,XVZ,WPAR,XWPAR,WPER, XWPER (6E10.3).  LINES 6 AND 7 REPEAT
      ONCE FOR EACH ION SPECIES.  A CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM
      CENTERED ON THE PLANET IS USED, WITH RHO OUTWARDS FROM THE SPIN
      AXIS, PHI IN THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION, AND Z THE DISTANCE
      ABOVE THE EQUATOR.  V'S ARE VELOCITIES IN KM/S, W'S THERMAL
      SPEEDS IN KM/S, AND DEN'S DENSITIESIN CM-3.  VALUES OF B AND
      POSITION INFORMATION MAY BE UNRELIABLE AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED
      BEFORE USE.  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THIS DATASET AND THE
      INSTRUMENT WHICH PRODUCED IT CAN BE FOUND ELSEWHERE IN THIS
      CATALOG.  AN OVERVIEW OF THE DATA IN THIS DATA SET CAN BE FOUND
      IN RICHARDSON (1986) AND A COMPLETE INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION CAN
      BE FOUND IN BRIDGE (1977).
 
 
      Processing Level Id            : 5
      Software Flag                  : Y
 
 
    Parameters
    ==========
      Sampling Parameter Name        : TIME
      Data Set Parameter Name        : ION DENSITY
      Sampling Parameter Resolution  : 96.000000
      Sampling Parameter Interval    : 96.000000
      Minimum Available Sampling Int : 96.000000
      Data Set Parameter Unit        : CM-3
      Sampling Parameter Unit        : SECOND
 
 
      Description
      -----------
        A DERIVED PARAMETER EQUALING THE VECTOR MOMENTUM FRAME OR
        VELOCITY FRAME TO WHICH ONE MUST TRANSFORM IN A derived
        parameter equaling the number of ions per unit ION THERMAL
        SPEED: A measure of the velocity associated with ORDER TO
        YIELD ION ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS AND-OR the temperature of the
        ions.  It is formally defined as the volume over a specified
        range of ion energy, energy/charge, ELECTRON ANGULAR
        DISTRIBUTIONS THAT ARE ANGULARLY Ion Thermal Speed squared
        equals two times K (Boltzmann's or energy/nucleon.
        Discrimination with regard to mass and or ISOTROPIC AT ALL
        ENERGIES.  SUCH A FRAME CAN BE constant) times T (temperature
        of ion) divided by M (ion charge state is necessary to obtain
        this quantity, however, FOUND ONLY IF OTHER EFFECTS THAT CAN
        YIELD ANGULAR mass).  Each component of a plasma has a
        thermal speed mass and charge state are often assumed due to
        instrument limitations.  associated with it.  ANISOTROPIES
        (E.G.  SPATIAL GRADIENTS) ARE
 
        FACTORED OUT.  THE COMPONENT OF THE TRANSFORM VELOCITY VECTOR
        PERPENDICULAR TO THE LOCAL Many different forms of ion
        density are derived.  Some are MAGNETIC FIELD VECTOR IS
        COUPLED TO THE distinguished by their composition (N+,
        proton, ion, etc.) APPROXIMATELY TIME STATIONARY ELECTRIC
        FIELD.  or their method of derivation (Maxwellian fit, method
        of PARALLEL TO THE LOCAL MAGNETIC FIELD VECTOR A FLOW
        moments).  In some cases, more than one type of density will
        VELOCITY FRAME MAY OR MAY NOT BE A WELL DEFINED be provided
        in a single dataset.  In general, if more than QUANTITY.  one
        ion species is analyzed, either by moment or fit, a total
        density will be provided which is the sum of the ion
        densities.  If a plasma component does not have a Maxwellian
        distribution the actual distribution can be represented as
        the sum of several Maxwellians, in which case the density of
        each Maxwellian is given.
 
 
    Source Instrument Parameters
    ============================
      Instrument Host ID              : VG2
      Data Set Parameter Name         : ION DENSITY
      Instrument Parameter Name       : ION RATE
      Important Instrument Parameters : 1
 
      Instrument Host ID              : VG2
      Data Set Parameter Name         : ION DENSITY
      Instrument Parameter Name       : ION CURRENT
      Important Instrument Parameters : 1
 
      Instrument Host ID              : VG2
      Data Set Parameter Name         : ION THERMAL SPEED
      Instrument Parameter Name       : ION RATE
      Important Instrument Parameters : 1
 
      Instrument Host ID              : VG2
      Data Set Parameter Name         : ION THERMAL SPEED
      Instrument Parameter Name       : ION CURRENT
      Important Instrument Parameters : 1
 
      Instrument Host ID              : VG2
      Data Set Parameter Name         : ION DENSITY
      Instrument Parameter Name       : PARTICLE MULTIPLE PARAMETERS
      Important Instrument Parameters : 1
 
 
    Processing
    ==========
 
      Processing History
      ------------------
        Source Data Set ID          : VG2-PLS
        Software                    : MJSANL
        Product Data Set ID         : VG2-S-PLS-5-ION-FIT-96.0SEC
 
 
      Software 'MJSANL'
      -----------------
        Software Name               : MJSANL
        Software Type               : PIN
        Software Release Date       : N/A
        Node ID                     : N/A
        Cognizant Engineer          : N/A
        Software Access Description : N/A

Overview
    ========
      THIS DATA SET PROVIDES AN ESTIMATE OF THE ION PARAMETERS IN THE
      PLS ENERGY RANGE (10-5950 EV).  FORMAL 1 SIGMA UNCERTAINTIES
      FOR THE DERIVED VELOCITIES, DENSITIES, AND THERMAL SPEEDS AND
      RANGE FROM A FEW TO 100%.  SYSTEMATIC ERRORS MAY RESULT FROM
      THE USE OF ISOTROPIC MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTIONS TO MODEL THE
      IONS, WHICH RESULTS IN AN UNDERESTIMATE OF THE TOTAL ION
      DENSITY AND ION THERMAL SPEED OF LESS THAN 20%, BUT HAS LITTLE
      EFFECT (FEW PERCENT) ON THE VELOCITY DETERMINATION.  POSITION
      AND MAGNETIC FIELD DATA IN THIS DATA SET ARE ONLY APPROXIMATE
      AND SHOULD NOT BE RELIED UPON.  ONLY SPECTRA WITH AT LEAST ONE
      CURRENT PEAK WERE FIT; THIS GIVES A BIASED SELECTION OF THE
      DATA, PARTICULARLY OUTSIDE L=10 WHERE THE DATA GIVEN IS NOT
      REPRESENTATIVE OF 'AVERAGE' PLASMA CONDITIONS.  SEE RICHARDSON
      (1986) FOR DETAILS.